Твір з англійської: My Favourite Painter/Мій улюблений художник
My Favourite Painter
I would like to tell you about my favourite painters. I am very fond of impressionism, and especially like the works of Monet. Classicism attached the main importance to composition and figure painting. Romantism laid stress on personal and emotional expression. In its turn impressionism showed the moments of life, parts of human existence. It was one of the most interesting and unusual trends in modern painting. It started in the 60s of the 19th century and the most famous impressionists were French painters Renoir, Degas, Manet, Monet, Pissaro and Sisley. They added some freshness and spontaneity of perception of life to the painting. This kind of perception was quite unusual even for that time, and impressionists were not accepted as anew school. First they were thought to be a group of painters of some unusual style. Their works were not admitted to the exhibitions. But some critics paid their attention to them, and they were able to show their works. The most famous of Monet's works are: "The Ruan Cathedral in the Morning", "The Ruan Cathedral in the Afternoon", "The Ruan Cathedral in the Evening", "Haystacks" and others. He created the feeling of glittering sunshine, of subject dissolved in the vibration of light and air. He showed moments of life, subjects in different times of the day. His colours are very soft and delicate, his paintings are always full of air and light. They seem very alive to me. By developing their own style of painting these painters opened a new school in the history of modern art.
Мій улюблений художник
Я б хотів розповісти вам про моїх улюблених художників. Мені дуже подобається імпресіонізм, а особливо я люблю роботи Моне. У класицизмі основна увага приділялася композиції і виписуванню фігур. У романтизмі акцент робився на вираженні особистих емоцій. У свою чергу, імпресіонізм показував моменти життя, частини людського існування. Це була одна із найбільш цікавих і незвичайних течій у сучасному живописі. Воно почалося в 60-х рр. XIX ст. і найвідомішими імпресіоністами були французькі художники Ренуар, Дега, Мане, Моне, Піссаро і Сіслей. Вони додали свіжості і безпосередньості в сприйнятті життя через мистецтво. Подібне сприйняття було незвичайним навіть для того часу, і імпресіоністи не були визнані новою школою. Спочатку їх вважали групою художників якогось незвичайного стилю. їхні роботи не приймалися на виставки. Але деякі критики звернули на них увагу, що дало їм можливість показати свої роботи. Найвідоміші роботи Моне – "Руанський собор уранці", "Руанський собор удень", "Руанський собор увечері", "Стіг сіна" та ін. Він створював почуття сяючого сонячного світла, предметів, розчинених у коливанні світла і повітря. Він зображував моменти життя, предмети в різний час доби. Його палітра дуже м'яка і делікатна, його картини завжди повні повітря і світла. Мені здається, що вони дуже живі. З розвитком власного стилю живопису ці художники відкрили нову школу в історії сучасного мистецтва.
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Твір з англійської: Theatre/театр
We go to the theatre to see a play, that is to say, a performance given by actors and actresses. A play of a serious character, dealing with important human problems is called a tragedy. A play of a humorous, lighter character is a comedy (or a farce). Dramatists are called playwrights nowadays and there are no longer such great dramatists as Shakespeare or G. B. Show.
If we want to go to a theatre we buy tickets at the box-office and show them to the attendant at the entrance. In the building there is a hall, a large foyer and a cloak-room where we leave our overcoats, hats, etc. The audience can walk in the foyer in the intervals. Many doors lead to the auditorium consisting of stalls, boxes and balconies. In front of the auditorium there is a curtain separating it from the stage. The curtain rises when the play begins and falls at the end of each act.
Many people must work together to produce a play. The author writes it; the producer conducts the acting; carpenters, mechanics, designers prepare the scenery; electricians and light operators see to the light effects and operate the floodlights. We, the playgoers (or fans) demand an interesting plot, good acting, impressive scenery — that is two hours of good entertainment.
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Твір з англійської:The Renaissance/Ренессанс
The Renaissance or the revival of learning was the period then european culture was at it's high. It lasted from the 14'th century till 17'th century, and was coursed by complex economic situation and social conditions. The feudal system was been shuttled by the bourgeoisie, thich was getting stronger and stronger. It was more profitable to unite under a single rouler. Absolute monacy came into being. This lead to the forming of nations and the true sense of the world. New social and economic conditions called for the new ideology, because the catholic dogmas didn't correspond to the new trend of life. For this reason in many european countries the protestant religion spread up and national churches were established.
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Твір з англійської: Theatres, music halls and cinemas/Театри, концертні зали і кінотеатри
Theatres are very much the same in London as anywhere else; the chief theatres, music halls and cinemas are in the West End. If you are staying in London for a few days, you'll have no difficulty whatsoever in finding somewhere to spend an enjoyable evening. You'll find opera, ballet, comedy, drama, revue, musical comedy and variety. Films are shown in the cinemas most of the day.
The best seats in theatres are those in the stalls, the circle and the upper circle. Then comes the pit, and the last of all the gallery where the seats are cheapest. Boxes, of course, are the most expensive. Most theatres and music halls have good orchestras with popular conductors.
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Твір з англійської: The national theatre of Great Britain/Національний театр Великобританії
It took over the hundred years to establish a national theatre company. It's first director in 1962 was Lawrence Olivier. This is the first state theatre Britain has ever had. A special building for it was opened in 1976. It has three theatres in one: "The Oliver theatre", the biggest is for the main classical repertoire; "The Lyttilton", a bit smaller is for new writing and for visiting foreigh countries and "The Cottesloe theatre", the smallest is used for experimental writing and productions. "The Royal Shakespeare company" are devided between the country and the capital and it's produces plays mainly by Shakespeare and his contempraries when it performs is "Stratford -on-Avon", and modern plays in it's two auditoria in the Cities, Barbican centre.
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Твір з англійської: The Irish Music/Ірландський Музика
Ireland is strong and rich in music. The Irish people love to sing, to dance and to make music of all kinds. The harp has always been a very important musical instrument in Ireland. In the wars between the Irish and the English, it was like a national flag for the Irish. In the seventeenth century it became more than that. One very famous harper was O'Carloan. He was born in Westmeath in about 1670. When O'Carloan was about sixteen years old his eyes failed and he became blind. With the help of a kind, rich lady he learned to play the harp. He also wrote poetry and music for the harp. People have saved a lot of his music and harpers still play O'Carloan's beautiful songs.
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Твір з англійської: The Hermitage/Ермітаж
One of the world-wide known museums is the Hermitage. The word "Hermitage" means "a place of solitude". This name was given in the XVIII century by Catherine П to her private museum housed in a small building adjacent to the Winter Palace and accessible only to the chosen few.
In the course of time, the Hermitage grew into one of the greatest museums of the world. At the present, the collections take up five interconnected buildings. The museum retains its old name.
The accumulation of artifacts let to the formation of new departments devoted to the culture and art of the Peoples of the East, of the Prehistoric culture, and of the Russian culture. Three other departments are those of Western European art, classical antiquities and numismatics.
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Твір з англійської: The best film I have ever seen – Titanic/Кращий фільм, який я коли-небудь бачив - Титанік
As you know, the 3-hour-14-minute film "Titanic" is no mere disaster movie. It's an epic love story about a 17-year-old American aristocrat who is betrothed to a rich and hateful suitor but falls in love with a free-spirited artist, who won his third-class passage in a card game. It's "Romeo and Juliet" on a sinking ship and has become an international sensation.
"Titanic" is also a movie about money and its evils. With fine irony, Cameron has spent more dollars than any other filmmaker to make a film that denounces the rich.
The $8,4 million costume budget alone would finance several independent movies. Production designer Peter Lamont copied the real Titanic down to the exact shade of green on the chairs in the smoking lounge. The sumptuous sets have made-to-order replicas of the china, the stained-glass windows - and since all of it was going to be destroyed, nothing could be rented. "To the best of our knowledge, there was no violation of historical truth", says Cameron. "We have a great responsibility. Whatever we make, will become the truth, the visual reality that a generation will accept", says Cameron.
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Твір з англійської: Television/Телебачення
It is almost impossible to imagine our life without TV. It plays a great and a very important role in the life of modern man. There is practically no family that doesn't have a TV set. TV is one of the mass media kinds. Radio and newspapers tell us about different events but TV not only tells but also shows. TV has a lot of channels and everybody can watch the programs he likes. Our television suggests various programs: talk show and game show, news and sporting events, about animals and about foreign countries and so on. Soaps-lovers can watch their favorite films almost every day. TV shows us a lot of films of different countries: detective and melodrama, comedy and triller. As former I like to see adventure films, fantasy, comedies. My favorite sporting events programs are about volleyball, swimming, track-and-field athletics and gymnastic. I watch many programs with great interest. These programs are: a wild nature program, "Anshlag", some game shows and so on. There are a lot of films (most of them of foreign TV-companies) with a great number of corpses, with seas of blood now. It's not very good to my mind. I think that one of the aims of TV is to bring up TV-viewers, to cultivate love to our country, kindness and other positive features of character.
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Твір з англійської: Street Art/вуличне мистецтво
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names and slogans were seen as unsightly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of 'street art' and you get graffiti in places where you wouldn't expect to - in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal's official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. The trend was short-lived - until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s.
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Твір з англійської: Photography/Фотографії
Photography is very popular today, but there is a question, if it is art or nor. Let’s discuss it. Some people think that it is art, others that it is separate branch. On the one hand, photography and art are closely connected. Many painters used photographs in their works. Also, photography and painting have the same aim: People use them to document the life to show the world, the way painter or photographer see it. On the other hand, photography is the modern science. It is different from art, because it mostly documents the events and the world. Photographers can’t transfer their thoughts and imagination to the photographs, and painters can do it, they can create their own world.
As for me, I think that photography can be considered as the part of the art. Of course, it is a new way of transferring artist’s imagination, but it is still art, and it is closely connected with it. They have the same aims, they just realize it in different ways.
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Твір з англійської: Painting/живопис/малювання
Painting is direct application of pigment to a surface to produce by tones of color or of light and dark some representation or decorative arrangement of natural or imagined forms.
Materials and Techniques
Painters use a number of materials to produce the effects they need. These include the materials of the surface, or ground; the pigments employed; the binder, or medium, in which the color is mixed; and its diluting agent. Among the various media used by artists are fresco , watercolor , oil, distemper, gouache, tempera , and encaustic . In addition to these, painting properly embraces many other techniques ordinarily associated with drawing , a term that is often used to refer to the linear aspects of the same art. If painting and drawing are not always clearly distinguishable from each other, both are to be distinguished from the print (or work of graphic art), in which the design is not produced directly but is transferred from another surface to that which it decorates. While the print may be one of many identical works, the painting or drawing is always unique. Painting has been freely combined with many other arts, including sculpture, architecture, and, in the modern era, photography.
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Твір з англійської: Oscar/Оскар
It is well-known that Oscars are awarded by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is a professional honorary organization composed of over 6,000 motion picture artists and craftsmen and women. The Academy was organized in May, 1927, as a nonprofit corporation chartered under the laws of California.
A popular story has been that an Academy librarian and eventual executive director, Margaret Herrick, thought the statuette resembled her Uncle Oscar and said so, and that as a result the Academy staff began referring to it as Oscar. No hard evidence exists to support that tale, but in any case, by the sixth Awards Presentation in 1934, Hollywood columnist Sidney Skolsky used the name in his column in reference to Katharine Hepburn's first Best Actress win. The Academy itself didn't use the nickname officially until 1939.
The Oscar is a tin and copper statuette of a naked man holding a sword and standing on a reel of film. The award weighs 8 1/2 pounds and is plated with gold. Since the list of winners is kept secret until the telecast, the awards handed out on television are blanks. The Academy reclaims the statuettes the morning after the telecast and has them engraved before they are shipped back to the anxious recipients. The personalized engraving is on a small plaque attached to the pedestal on which Oscar stands. The engraving includes the year, the award category and the name of the recipient. Each statuette is also engraved with a serial number on the back of its base.
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Твір з англійської: Music is my life/Музика це моє життя
I love music, I think people can not live without it. The first thing I do in the morning I switch on my tape — recorder.
We can hear music everywhere: in the streets, in the shops, on TV, over the radio, in the cars, in the parks, everywhere. I think it's really doesn't matter what kind of music you prefer: rock, pop, classical, jazz. A lot of people are fond of music. They buy tapes, go to the concerts, visit Concert Halls and Opera Theatres.
I enjoy listening music because it reflects my moods and emotions. Very often when I'm blue, I play my favourite merry songs and feel much better.
Sometimes I attend music halls and the concerts, when popular groups and singers are there. I like watching music programs on TV. I like to know more and more about popular talented groups and singers I like.
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Твір з англійської: Music in Our Life/Музика в нашому житті
People cannot live without music. They listen to music, dance to music or learn to play musical instruments. There is music everywhere: at home, in a concert hall, in the park, at the seaside, in the forest and even in the street.
Music is not only a combination of pleasant sounds. It is an art which reflects life. Music reflects people's ideas and emotions. In this world of ours, filled with conflicts, tragedies, joys and hopes, music strives to speak to people of what is most important, urgent and poignant.
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Твір з англійської: Music/Музика
Can you think of a day without music? We can hear music everywhere: in the streets and at home, over the radio and on TV, in the shops and in the parks. People all over the world are fond of music. They listen to music, they dance to music, they learn to play musical instruments.
But what is music? Specialists explain that music isn't only a combination of pleasant sounds. It is an art which reflects life. There are a lot of different kinds of music. Some of them appeared long ago, and some are modern. For example, folk music appeared long ago, but it is still alive. There are many local performers, choirs and folk groups in Russia; but perhaps the most famous singer is Nadezhda Babkina. Folk songs are very tuneful and pleasant to listen to. Classical music is often associated with the music of the past. However, this style also includes music being written now, and we may speak of modern classical music. Rap is a modern musical style where the singer speaks or shouts the words in time to music with a steady beat. Such groups as Public Enemy or House of Pain are leaders in this style.
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Твір з англійської:Museums and art galleries of London/Музеї та художні галереї Лондона
London is very rich in museums and art galleries.
If you are fond of painting you'll go to the Tate Gallery. A rich sugar manufacturer Henry Tate founded it in 1897. There are about 300 oils and 19000 watercolours and drawings. There are many works by the English painter William Turner there. Most of his paintings are connected with the sea theme. There are a lot of paintings by the 16-th century English artists and paintings by foreign artists of the 19-20-th centuries. There are some paintings by impressionists there. You can see works by modern painters: Pablo Picasso among them. There are many interesting sculptures there. Henry Moor's can be seen there. He was a famous British sculptor. The National Gallery is one of the most important picture galleries in the world. The Tate Gallery is the most necessary compliment to the National Gallery as it contains contemporary works particularly by English and French masters.
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Твір з англійської: Movies Affect People/Фільми впливають на людей
Movies are popular because people are great watchers. They like to watch other peoples' lives. They like to live vicariously. By going to movies, we can escape our own lives, share other people's emotions, and imagine ourselves as someone else.
Many of our lives are not as adventurous or glamorous as the lives in movies. We do not battle evil all day long and then go back to our luxurious penthouse apartment. We just go to school, do our homework, eat, talk to our friends, and sleep. We need a little excitement in our lives and we find excitement at the movies.
Humans are very emotional people. We all like to cry and laugh. Fortunately, there is not much to cry about in my life so I like to go to sad movies where my heartstrings can be tugged. I also like to go to comedies so that I can laugh. I tend to cry and laugh more in a dark movie theater than I do in broad daylight.
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Твір з англійської: Madame Tussaud’s/Мадам Тюссо
Every visitor to London knows who Madame Tussaud is — or was. And almost every visitor has seen her, an old lady of 81, standing at the entrance of her own exhibition. She is made of wax, like all the models of people in this museum. There are a lot of halls in the museum. The first room is the “Garden Party”. Beneath a star-spangled sky, under an oak-tree, figures from the worlds of sports and the media enjoy a friendly drink and chat. There are statues of A. Schwarzenegger, E. Taylor and others there. “200 Years” room covers the history of Madame Tussaud’s over the last two centuries, and shows the developing of new technology during that time. There are also other rooms, such as: “Legends and Superstars”, rooms with popular music singers, the members of royal families and military leaders. There is the “Chamber of Horrors” which amuses visitors very much. “The Spirit of London” is a magnificent journey through London’s history. The cabs travel past the figure of W. Shakespeare, Sir Christopher Wren, who directs the building of St Paul’s Cathedral. It’s not easy to tell about all interesting things one can see in the museum. This is the place that is worth visiting.
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Твір з англійської: Jazz/Джаз
I think that the question “What is jazz?” is a highly subjective one. Ask 100 different people "What is jazz?" and you're likely to get 100 different answers. But personally I think that jazz is American classical music. It is an American way of playing music which takes all of the unique elements of their culture. And no music that has been created in this country so exactly gives the ideals of individualism and gives one an opportunity to express oneself in such a special way as jazz does. 

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