Твір з англійської на тему deforestation / вирубка лісів
Some people’s activities do a lot of harm to the forests. People cut down trees to build houses, roads, factories and plants. Deforestation is a very serious environmental problem. 
  The world’s great rainforest are all near the equator, in Africa, South America and South-East Asia. These rainforests are homes to millions of kinds of exotic animals, birds, reptiles, insects, strange plants and beautiful flowers. Three quarters of the world’s species live in the rainforests. If we destroy their habitat many of them will not survive. 
  Amazon rainforest is the biggest and most important in South America. Scientists believe that plants from the forest could give us many important new medicines such as cures for cancer and AIDS. 
  The rainforests also help to reduce pollution levels in the atmosphere and affect the weather around the world. Without rainforests our planet might not survive. 
  People know it but continue to destroy rainforests every day. Logging companies cut down trees to sell the wood, farmers clear the land to grow food crops, people build towns and roads where the forest used to be. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result, a number of rivers and lakes dry up, some rare species of animals, fish, birds and plants disappear forever. 
  People should take measures to reduce the amount of deforestation and protect the flora and fauna of the rainforest. Our planet is our home and we need to protect it.

Діяльність людей завдає багато шкоди лісам. Люди вирубують дерева, щоб побудувати будинки, дороги, фабрики і заводи. Вирубка лісів є дуже серйозною екологічною проблемою.
 Найбільші у світі тропічні ліси знаходяться недалеко від екватора, в Африці, Південній Америці та Південно-Східній Азії. Ці ліси є домом для мільйонів видів екзотичних тварин, птахів, рептилій, комах, невідомих рослин і красивих квітів. Три чверті живих істот, наявних у світі, живуть у тропічних лісах. Якщо ми знищимо їх середовище проживання, багато з них не виживуть.
  Тропічний ліс Амазонки є найбільшим і найбільш важливим в Південній Америці. Вчені вважають, що рослини з цього лісу могли б дати нам багато важливих нових ліків, наприклад, таких як засоби боротьби проти раку та СНІДу.
 Тропічні ліси також допомагають знизити рівень забруднення навколишнього середовища в атмосфері і впливають на погоду у всьому світі. Без лісів наша планета може не вижити.
  Люди знають це, але продовжують руйнувати тропічні ліси кожен день. Лісозаготівельні компанії вирубують дерева, щоб продати деревину, фермери очищають землю для вирощування продовольчих культур, люди будують міста та дороги на місцях, де раніше був ліс. Величезні ліси вирубуються і спалюються. Їх зникнення порушує кисневий баланс. В результаті, річки і озера висихають, деякі рідкісні види тварин, риб, птахів і рослин назавжди зникають.
  Людям потрібно вживати заходів, щоб скоротити обсяги вирубування лісів і захистити тваринний і рослинний світ тропічних лісів. Наша планета - наш дім, і ми повинні його зберегти.
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Твір з англійської: Love means different things to different people/Любов означає різні речі для різних людей
It’s a truth universally acknowledged that “it takes all sorts to make a world”, which means that all people are unique in their own way. What is more, we, as individuals, tend to have our own opinions about everything… Fashion, lifestyles, scientific concepts are constantly changing due to people’s desire to express their opinions. The same goes for universal things like truth, friendship, hate, loyalty and, of course, love. The subject of love is one that has inspired poets, writers, those lucky in love and those who have been passed over by Cupid… Love has been defined as wise, silly, profound, bitter, funny… It seems as if each and one of us has a different understanding of love, or at least the attitude to love varies greatly from person to person. 
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Твір з англійської: The Only Child in a Family/Тільки дитина в сім'ї
I’m the only child in the family and I like it. Of course I’m spoilt a little but it doesn’t disturb me. The attention is all mine, consequently I’m the apple of my parent’s eyes. I feel lucky, and my friends are jealous because of my single state, particularly because I don’t have to share a bedroom. It’s an advantage. You get undivided attention from your parents. Being alone made me close to animals but it also made me quite demanding. If you don’t have sisters or brothers you need friends and so I tried hard to make them, I am good at making them still and such experience is very useful nowadays.It may be true that an only child is spoilt, but, believe me, there are occasions on which you wish there was a brother or sister to share problems, but when you solve you problems yourself you tend to become strong and rational person, and it’s better to spend more time in the company of adults than with your contemporaries. I’ve seen a lot of big families where were two or more children in a family and most of my friends have brothers or sisters. 
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Твір з англійської: Ideas On Living In A Foreign Country/Ідеї про життя в чужій країні
Thousands of people emigrate annually. For many, living and working abroad for extended periods of time becomes the adventure of a lifetime. Many set off to unknown lands to fill a gap of time in their lives, improve their fluency in a foreign language, meet new and interesting people, and build self-reliance. The reasons for emigration are quite different: political or religious persecution, poverty, awful living conditions, climate and many more. But the fact is that people take the plunge in search of better life. Decent conditions and the opportunity to spend more time together as a family attract them in spite of the threat of being frustrated very soon. However, I'm sure that living in a foreign country can be rather interesting, and yet has its disadvantages also.
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Твір з англійської: Demographic Changes - Overpopulation/Демографічні зміни - Перенаселення
The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200,000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1,500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to I billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people.
In Other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime - mine - the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 billion, and it is already more than halfway there.
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Твір з англійської: Leisure Society/Суспільний відпочинок
Britain has in recent years been described as a "leisure society". This is because there is a greater variety of leisure pursuits and people have more spare time and money to spend on relaxation. Most spare time after work or at the weekends is spent at home. Older people may go to the pub or to the theatre, or visit friends. In recent years going out for a meal or bringing a take-away meal home have become popular with all ages.
In Britain people watch TV for many hours every week. Many cities have twenty or more channels, sometimes going for twenty-four hours a day. Many well-off people have a "trailer" which they can use for weekends away. Some have holiday houses in the country and spend as much time as possible on outside activities like fishing.
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Твір з англійської: The American Dream/Американська мрія
Few terms are defined in so many different ways or bandied about more loosely than "the American Dream." To some people, the term is a joke, an object of satire, derision, or contempt, and a made-in-America label for a congeries of chauvinistic cliches mouthed by jingoists. To others, it merely signifies self-determined success, wealth, the "good life" of modish clothes, sports cars, and hot tubs - in a word, the latest thing touted by Madison Avenue. And to still others, less scornful or frivolous, it denotes a unique set of social and moral ideals.
The phrase "the American Dream" came into the American vocabulary starting in 1867 when writer, Horatio Alger came out with his book "Ragged Dick." It was a rags-to-riches tale of a poor orphan boy in New York City who saves his pennies, works hard and eventually becomes rich. It became the model that through honesty, hard work and strong determination, the American Dream was available to anyone willing to make the journey. The origin of the American dream stems from the departure in government and economics from the models of the Old World. This allowed unprecedented freedom, especially the possibility of dramatic upward social mobility.
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Твір з англійської:The Problem of Smoking/Проблема куріння
Smoking is the shortest way to bad health. Today half of the men and a quarter of the women in the world smoke. Some people think that there is not much sense in refraining from smoking, since the inhabitants of many cities and even villages breathe air contaminated with industrial and automobile wastes. They are very wrong. Vehicle exhaust gases are harmful in themselves, but a smoking driver is subject to something far more dangerous.
Take another example: according to the WHO (World Health Organisation) figures, the risk rate is higher among smoking workers of the heavy engineering, chemical, ceramic, mining, building, cement and rubber industries.
The harm of tobacco smoke for women should be especially emphasized. In particular, smoking may affect the course of pregnancy. Smoking women may bring into the world crippled or abnormal children.
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Твір з англійської: Homeless animals/бездомні тварини
Walking along the street, we can always see some creatures. It can be a dog or a cat. They all are different, but there is one thing which unites them. These animals have not any home and any headmaster. The problem of such homeless animals is actual nowadays, and people try to find fairer and easier solution to this problem. 

As for my point of view, I consider that homeless animals can be very dangerous for people, and the easiest solution to this problem is to collect and put them to sleep. But at the same time, there is also another method solving the problem which, to my mind, is more humane and fairer than that one. It is to collect homeless animals and place them into special accommodations, so called shelters, where animals must be cleaned, fed and where they can live until they find a new headmaster or until they die. But unfortunately, not every government has enough amount of money or does not want to spend money for an organization of shelters for homeless animals. 
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Твір з англійської: Crime and Punishment/Злочин і покарання
If we look into history we shall find that laws, which are, or ought to be, conventions between men in a state of freedom, have been, for the most part the work of the passions of a few, or the consequences of a fortuitous or temporary necessity. Observe that by justice I understand nothing more than that bond which is necessary to keep the interest of individuals united, without which men would return to their original state of barbarity. All punishments which exceed the necessity of preserving this bond are in their nature unjust.
The end of punishment, therefore, is no other than to prevent the criminal from doing further injury to society, and to prevent others from committing the like offence. Such punishments, therefore, and such a mode of inflicting them, ought to be chosen, as will make the strongest and most lasting impressions on the minds of others, with the least torment to the body of the criminal.
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Твір з англійської: British and American Families/Британські та американські сім'ї
British and American families are small. In fact the populations of both Britain and the USA have stopped growing. The typical family has a father, mother and two children. Grandparents come to visit, but do not usually live with their children.
Most people get married between the ages of 20 and 23 but many marriages end in divorce. This means that both countries have a large number of "single parent families", one father or mother looking after their children alone.
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Твір з англійської: American values/американські цінності
It is believed that we learn our culture only through knowledge of other cultures. That is why it is necessary to compare and analyze their basic values and beliefs.
The most important thing to understand about American is probably their devotion to individualism. They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies. They have not been trained to see themselves as members of a close-knit, tightly interdependent family, religious group, tribe, nation, or other collectivity. Conversely Russians find themselves part of some group. They always have some kind of attachment, especially family relations.
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Твір з англійської: American Character/Американський характер
American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterized by less social distinction. Students do not stand up when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as "Major" or "General" or "Doctor" in the case of a holder of a Doctor of Philosophy degree. The respectful "Sir" is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.
However, it is best to use a person's title when first meeting him/her, and then allow the person to tell you how he/she wishes to be called. They use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is more slangy than the conventional British English. You will often hear the word "Hi" (a form of greeting among friends) used instead of the usual "Hello," and "Howdy" instead of "How do you do?"
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Твір з англійської: A Question of Taste. Fashion/Питання смаку. Мода
Fashion is something we deal with every day. Even people, who say they don’t care what they wear, choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. What influences our choice of clothes is an interesting question. I believe that most of the people do not follow the fashion displayed on the catwalk. That kind of clothes is a product of famous high-class designers’ work, it is often very extravagant and extremely expensive. It is also not designed to be worn every day, but it is suitable for some special occasions.However, we definitely borrow some ideas about fashion from music clips, videos, books and television. Movies also have a big impact on what people wear. For example it is known that more sunglasses were sold in America after the movie "Men In Black." Sometimes a trend becomes world-wide. Back in the 50's teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley. 
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Твір з англійської: The Council of Europe/Рада Європи
For over 50 years the Council of Europe has been working to build a Europe United on the basis of freedom and democracy, human rights and the rule of law. The Council was set up by ten west European states. Since then the European landscape has changed, and today the great majority of European countries belong to go to the Organization.
How the Council of Europe works. The Committee of Ministers comprises the foreign ministers of the 34 members states, it meets twice a year in ordinary session and may also held special or informal meetings. The Minister's Deputies meet every month. The Committee of Ministers also serves as a permanent forum of discuss European co-operation and common political problems.
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Твір з англійської:Marriages - Official or Not/Шлюби - Офіційні чи неофіційні
Nowadays official marriages are becoming less popular and a lot of young people prefer not to marry but just live together.
Those who think that marriages should be official give the following arguments for it. Firstly, they consider official marriages to be more serious, more stable and traditional. Secondly, it’s common knowledge that there will be less problems after the divorce, when a couple divides there things and property. Thirdly, it is reasonable to sign a marriage contract before the official wedding to avoid the problems that may occur.
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Твір з англійської:Medicines and health/Ліки і здоров'я
Medicines are not meant to live, an English proverb says. Yes, that's true and we may add that good health is better than the best medicine. If your health is good, you are always in a good mood. You have a sound mind in a solid body, as an old Latin saying goes. The English proverb “Sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind”, expresses the similar idea, but from the different point of view. The profession of a doctor is one of the most noble, respected and needed in the world, as we turn to a doctor for advise at the hardest moments of our life, when we fall ill or suffer from pain or some disorder in our body and soul. We complain of low medical treatment, poor equipment of hospitals, difficulties in getting this or that medicine and so on.
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Твір з англійської: Rights and responsibilities/Права та обов'язки
Ever since the beginning of modern society, crime and punishment have been linked together. Depend on the seriousness of the crime, those who break the laws are punished accordingly. The standard definition of crime, is any action that is prohibited, prosecuted, and punished by criminal law. Therefore, crime cannot exist without some form of legal system to label criminal behavior.
There are minor offences, like burglary or mugging. In spite of their minor importance, it cause depression. Just imagine a person whose things were stolen. Annoying and depressing feelings. Blackmail is a low-down action. It hurts and ruins. In some cases threats even more dangerous than actions. Moreover, there are dreaded offences, which punished severely. Kidnapping is a major offence. Just imagine the grief and sorrow of the parents whose baby was stolen and they will never see him or her again! The most terrible crime, inexcusable and unexplainable, cruel and unreasonable, is a murder, no doubt. Each case must be judged thoroughly and detailed. And the punishment in this case must be inevitable and timely.
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Твір з англійської: Religion in Great Britain/Релігія в Великобританії
British religion used to be closely connected with kings, queens and politics. England was a Roman Catholic country until 1534. In 1525 King Henry VIII decided to divorce his queen, Catherine of Aragon, because he fell in love with Anne Boleyn. But when Henry asked the Pope for permission to divorce Catherine, he refused. Henry was so angry with the Pope that he ended all contact between England and Rome. He divorced Catherine of Aragon without the Pope's permission and married Anne Boleyn. In 1534 Parliament named Henry head of the Church of England.
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Твір з англійської: Politeness — a Sign of Culture/Ввічливість - Знак культури
I think politeness is one of the signs of culture, but real culture includes more than simply being polite. How far does politeness go? Is it only saying, “Good morning!” and “Excuse me, please!” No, it’s more than that. Politeness can be shown everywhere. When we write something at school or at home what our teachers must read, they are glad when it looks neat and is easy to read. Think of all the papers our teachers have to read. It must make them tired to read the ugly handwriting of some pupils. They have to make out words which are not written neatly. 

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